1-DESIGF-1 DES (reported as des(1-3)IGF-I in scientific studies) is a truncated version of naturally occurring IGF-1. The 70 amino acid form of activated IGF-1 is essential for normal human growth and development and acts via IGF-1 receptors to exert an anabolic effect to build muscle, which is why IGF-1 is important in bodybuilding [1]. Low IGF-1 levels are linked to poor growth and a number of metabolic disorders [2]. Multiple tissues inside the body produce IGF-1 and its site of synthesis affects its function. The majority of IGF-1 is made by the liver and is transported to other tissues in the bloodstream, where it acts as an endocrine hormone [3]. Importantly, IGF-1 is a central growth hormone that controls the anabolic growth promoting effect of growth hormone. It also has a growth hormone independent growth-stimulating effect, which is optimised when combined with growth hormone [4]. IGF-1 DES has been specially formulated to lack three amino acids from the end of natural IGF-1, which increases its potency to around ten-fold higher when compared to regular IGF-1 [5]. This increase in potency is due to the fact that IGF-1 DES does not bind to IGF-binding proteins like IGF-1 [6]. Usually, IGF-binding proteins immediately block the growth-promoting activities of IGF-1, but they are unable to bind and block IGF-1 DES. This means that the peptide is free to promote muscle and bone growth and repair and smooth muscle survival [7, 8]. IGF-I DES has been shown to stimulate body growth in a range of tissues in multiple animal studies [9]. Animal studies have also shown that carcass fat was reduced alongside muscle gains [9]. In diabetic animals the modified peptide demonstrated effects throughout the alimentary tract and led to improvements in nutrient uptake [10]. Although no human clinical trials using IGF-1 DES have been carried out, studies have uncovered that the peptide is naturally found in the human brain and brain cell studies have shown that it can protect against brain damage and that it promotes brain growth [11, 12].
IGF-1 DES has a short half-life and is degraded within 5 minutes of administration in humans [13]. The short half-life means that IGF-1 DES 1 mg should be dosed intramuscularly. Up to 100 mcg can be dosed per day and this should be split between either two or four muscles pre-workout. A standard IGF-1 cycle should last four weeks and should be stacked with an anabolic androgenic steroid for optimal results.
Side effects of IGF-1 DES may include headaches and nausea since the peptide can induce a hypoglycaemic state. High levels of this hormone have also been shown to promote organ enlargement, so never exceed the recommended dose of 100 mcg per day.

Follistatin 344 is a recombinant version of natural follistatin, which is produced by multiple tissues in humans and other animals. Follistatin is made up of 344 amino acids and acts as a myostatin inhibitor supplement. Myostatin is a negative regulator of muscle growth found in the blood and produced in muscle cells. Studies have shown considerable promise for enhancing muscle mass and strength in animal models and follistatin is being studied for its therapeutic potential in human muscle diseases [1]. Several myostatin-binding proteins capable of regulating myostatin have been found, but follistatin is an especially potent blocker of myostatin and has even shown muscle-enhancing effects beyond those predicted by myostatin inhibition [2]. Myostatin signalling acts via the activin receptor type IIB on muscle cells, triggering a cascade of biological signalling events inside the cell [3]. These events cause changes in the expression of specific genes that regulate muscle growth [4, 5]. Blocking myostatin with follistatin will therefore increase muscle mass and inhibiting this pathway results in increased muscle growth and increased muscle strength. These effects have been shown in mice, where blocking the activity of myostatin led to increased skeletal muscle mass without any serious side effects [6]. This method was also found to be safe and durable in a subsequent clinical trial [7]. Pronounced and durable increases in muscle size and strength have also been seen in non-human primate studies [1]. A recent human clinical trial delivered follistatin 344 to six patients with a muscle wasting disease called Becker muscular dystrophy [8]. The follistatin protein was administered by direct bilateral intramuscular quadriceps injections and clinical benefits were observed in patients receiving follistatin 344. These patients showed reduced muscle fibrosis, reduced central nucleation and more normal muscle fibre size distribution. The treatment also increased muscle growth at the higher doses when muscle size was compared before and after treatment with follistatin 344.
Follistatin 344 is usually administered as a genetic therapy in human and animal studies, which provides high and sustained levels of follistatin protein. However, as a reconstituted protein it can be administered intramuscularly at either 100 mcg, 200 mcg or 300 mcg per day and should be cycled over 10 days with a 3-month break. Follistatin 344 should be administered locally to the muscle that you wish to build and the daily dose can be split over several individual muscles. Once dissolved in BAC water the protein is stable for one week at 4-8°C.
Follistatin 344 has shown minimal side effects even when tested at high and prolonged doses during genetic therapies in animal and human studies. However, mild side effects may include muscle soreness or swelling post-workout, as well as temporarily weakened ligaments and tendons.

Adipotide, a peptidomimetic with sequence CKGGRAKDC-GG-D(KLAKLAK)2, is an experimental proapoptotic drug that has been shown to cause rapid weight loss in mice and rhesus monkeys. Its mechanism of action is to target specific blood vessels supplying adipose tissue with blood, cause the vessels to shrink and the fat cells fed by those vessels to undergo apoptosis. Adipotide is designed to bind to two receptors, ANXA2 and prohibitin, that are specific to blood vessels supplying white adipose tissue.

Growth hormone peptide fragment 176-191, or HGH Frag 176-191, is made from amino acids 177–191 of human growth hormone with an additional tyrosine amino acid. Although growth hormone is well known for accelerating growth, a role for the protein in breakdown fat was first documented in 1959 [1]. Both human growth hormone and hgh fragment 176-191 synthesised from the full protein are capable of inducing weight loss and increasing fat breakdown following long-term treatment in mice [2]. Although it is not completely understood how this happens, it is likely to occur when the peptide binds to beta(3)-adrenergic receptors, which are the major receptors linked to fat breakdown in cells. Hgh fragment 176-191 has more specific effects when compared to the full protein since it stimulates hormone-sensitive lipase and inhibits acetylcoenzyme A carboxylase to reduce the size of fat cells; but it exerts no growth promoting activities [3]. Hgh fragment 176-191 is therefore perfect for breaking down fat without the risk of hyperglycaemia as the peptide results in a short-lived rise in blood glucose and a sustained rise in plasma insulin [4]. In mice, hgh fragment 176-191 led to increased body weight in lean animals, compared with saline-treated animals. This change was in the absence of an increase in fat mass, which means that increases in lean body mass occur with this peptide fragment [2]. Hgh fragment 176-191 peptide was also shown to reduce body weight and adiposity in obese mice [5]. The effects of the peptide were found to occur without significant changes to calorie intake and it has been reported that the peptide either reduces or does not change food intake. All human clinical trials have shown that the peptide is extremely safe. Furthermore, the peptide was shown to have no effect on serum IGF-1 levels, which confirms the hypothesis that hgh frag 176-191 does not act via IGF-1. Results of glucose tolerance tests also demonstrated that the peptide has no negative effect on carbohydrate metabolism. Additionally, no immune response was detected against the peptide in any patients taking the hgh fragment and no studies have reported withdrawal symptoms or serious adverse events [6]. All studies therefore show that the fragment is a safe and effective peptide for fat loss.
Hgh fragment 176-191 has been administered orally and intravenously during clinical trials up to dosages of 400 mcg/kg. Following resuspension of hgh fragment 176-191 5mg in BAC water, dosages of 250 mcg should be injected subcutaneously, three times per day, in the morning, afternoon and evening. It is optimal to inject the peptide on an empty stomach. The reconstituted peptide solution may remain cloudy and this is perfectly normal.
Hgh fragment 176-191 is considered extremely safe and there have been no major reported side effects linked to the peptide in a number of human clinical trials. Mild gastrointestinal discomfort may occur as a result of using hgh fragment 176-191, but side effects should subside following administration.

Thymosin beta-4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TMSB4X gene.[3][4][5] Recommended INN (International Nonproprietary Name) for thymosin beta-4 is ‘timbetasin’, as published by the World Health Organization (WHO). [6]
The protein consists (in humans) of 43 amino acids (sequence: SDKPDMAEI EKFDKSKLKK TETQEKNPLP SKETIEQEKQ AGES) and has a molecular weight of 4921 g/mol.[7]
Thymosin-β4 is a major cellular constituent in many tissues. Its intracellular concentration may reach as high as 0.5 mM.[8] Following Thymosin α1, β4 was the second of the biologically active peptides from Thymosin Fraction 5 to be completely sequenced and synthesized.[9]
Tissue regeneration

Work with cell cultures and experiments with animals have shown that administration of thymosin β4 can promote migration of cells, formation of blood vessels, maturation of stem cells, survival of various cell types and lowering of the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. These multiple properties have provided the impetus for a worldwide series of on-going clinical trials of potential effectiveness of thymosin β4 in promoting repair of wounds in skin, cornea and heart.[17]

Such tissue-regenerating properties of thymosin β4 may ultimately contribute to repair of human heart muscle damaged by heart disease and heart attack. In mice, administration of thymosin β4 has been shown to stimulate formation of new heart muscle cells from otherwise inactive precursor cells present in the outer lining of adult hearts,[18] to induce migration of these cells into heart muscle[19] and recruit new blood vessels within the muscle.[20]
Anti-inflammatory role for sulfoxide

In 1999 researchers in Glasgow University found that an oxidised derivative of thymosin β4 (the sulfoxide, in which an oxygen atom is added to the methionine near the N-terminus) exerted several potentially anti-inflammatory effects on neutrophil leucocytes. It promoted their dispersion from a focus, inhibited their response to a small peptide (F-Met-Leu-Phe) which attracts them to sites of bacterial infection and lowered their adhesion to endothelial cells. (Adhesion to endothelial cells of blood vessel walls is pre-requisite for these cells to leave the bloodstream and invade infected tissue). A possible anti-inflammatory role for the β4 sulfoxide was supported by the group’s finding that it counteracted artificially-induced inflammation in mice.
The group had first identified the thymosin sulfoxide as an active factor in culture fluid of cells responding to treatment with a steroid hormone, suggesting that its formation might form part of the mechanism by which steroids exert anti-inflammatory effects. Extracellular thymosin β4 would be readily oxidised to the sulfoxide in vivo at sites of inflammation, by the respiratory burst.[21]

Semaglutide injection is used to treat type 2 diabetes. It is used together with diet and exercise to help control your blood sugar. This medicine is also used to lower the risk of heart attack, stroke, or death in patients with type 2 diabetes and heart or blood vessel disease. Semaglutide is a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist.
This medicine is also used together with diet and exercise to help lose weight and keep the weight off in patients with obesity caused by certain conditions.

to help address hypogonadism
In men, doctors prescribe hCG to help address the symptoms of hypogonadism, such as low testosterone and infertility. hCG can help the body increase its production of testosterone and sperm, which can help reduce infertility.
To improve testosterone deficiency
Injections of hCG are also sometimes used as an alternative to testosterone products in MAABs with testosterone deficiency.
Testosterone deficiency is defined as testosterone blood levels less than 300 nanograms per deciliter (ng/dL) along with symptoms of low testosterone. These include:
fatigue,stress,a low sex drive and depressed mood.
hCG is appropriate for those MAABs with testosterone deficiency who also desire to maintain fertility.
Testosterone products boost levels of the hormone in the body but can have the side effects of shrinking the gonads, altering sexual function, and causing infertility.
hCG can help increase:
gonad size,testosterone levels and fertility.
Some doctors believe that using testosterone along with hCG may help improve symptoms of testosterone deficiency while preventing some of testosterone’s side effects.
To improve sexual function
hCG may also help improve sexual function in MAABs who don’t experience improvement while on testosterone.
To reverse steroid side effects
Bodybuilders who take anabolic steroids such as testosterone also sometimes use hCG to help prevent or reverse some of the side effects steroids cause, such as gonad shrinkage and infertility.
How does it work to increase testosterone?
In men, hCG acts like luteinizing hormone (LH). LH stimulates Leydig cells in the testicles, which results in the production of testosterone.
LH also stimulates production of sperm within structures in the testicles called seminiferous tubules.
As hCG stimulates the testicles to produce testosterone and sperm, the testicles grow in size over time.

Somatropin injection is used to replace growth hormone (a natural hormone produced by your body) in adults and children with growth hormone deficiency. Somatropin injection is also used to increase growth in children with certain conditions that affect normal growth and development. Somatropin injection (Serostim) is used to increase body weight and physical endurance in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) who have HIV-associated wasting syndrome. Somatropin injection (Zorbtive) is used to treat short bowel syndrome in adults who are receiving additional nutrition or fluids from intravenous (IV) therapy. Somatropin is a human growth hormone (hGH) analog. It works by replacing growth hormones that are normally produced in the body, which may result in increased growth, body weight, and improved absorption of nutrients and fluids from the intestines.